Beliefs
The Alevi community in Malatya is part of a distinct branch of Islam with beliefs and practices that set them apart from other Muslim sects. Their faith is deeply rooted in humanism, social justice, and spiritualism.
- Spiritual Beliefs: Alevis emphasize the inner, spiritual dimension of religion over the external, ritualistic aspects. They believe in the unity of God and place a strong emphasis on the teachings and sayings of Ali, the cousin and son-in-law of the Prophet Muhammad, and the Twelve Imams.
- Humanism and Equality: Alevi beliefs are centered on the principles of humanism, equality, and social justice. They uphold the values of love, respect, and tolerance towards all individuals, regardless of their background or beliefs.
- Mysticism: Alevism incorporates elements of Sufism and mysticism. They seek a direct, personal connection with God, often through practices that involve music, poetry, and dance.
- Rejection of Formalism: Unlike Sunni and Shia Muslims, Alevis do not strictly adhere to the five pillars of Islam. They do not perform the five daily prayers or undertake the pilgrimage to Mecca. Instead, they focus on internal spiritual development and communal worship.
Practices
Alevi practices are unique and diverse, reflecting their distinct religious and cultural identity.
- Cem Ceremony: The Cem is the central communal worship ceremony of the Alevi community. It includes prayers, hymns, spiritual readings, and the Semah, a ritual dance symbolizing the human soul’s journey towards God. The ceremony is led by a spiritual leader called a Dede.
- Semah: The Semah dance is a symbolic act of devotion performed during the Cem ceremony. Participants, both men and women, dance in a circle, representing unity and the cyclical nature of life and the universe.
- Dede: The Dede, or spiritual guide, plays a crucial role in Alevi communities. They are responsible for leading religious ceremonies, providing spiritual guidance, and preserving the teachings and traditions of Alevism.
- Community Gatherings: Alevis place great importance on community and communal activities. They regularly gather for meals, discussions, and social events, fostering a strong sense of unity and mutual support.
Festivals
Alevi festivals are vibrant expressions of their religious and cultural identity. These festivals are occasions for communal celebration, reflection, and the reaffirmation of their beliefs and values.
- Ashura: Ashura is one of the most significant events in the Alevi calendar, commemorating the martyrdom of Imam Hussein, the grandson of the Prophet Muhammad, at the Battle of Karbala. It is a time for mourning, reflection, and solidarity. The event is marked by prayers, sermons, and communal meals.
- Hızır Fast: The Hızır Fast is observed in February and lasts for three days. It honors Hızır, a saintly figure believed to bring assistance and blessings to those in need. The fast is followed by communal prayers and feasts, symbolizing hope and renewal.
- Newroz: Newroz, the Persian New Year, is celebrated on March 21st, marking the beginning of spring. It is a time of joy, renewal, and the celebration of nature’s rebirth. The festival includes traditional music, dancing, and the lighting of bonfires.
- Muharrem: The Muharrem observance takes place during the first month of the Islamic calendar. Alevis observe a twelve-day fast, abstaining from meat and other luxuries, in memory of the Twelve Imams. The fast is a period of mourning and spiritual reflection, culminating in a communal meal.
Conclusion
The Alevi community in Malatya, with its unique beliefs, practices, and festivals, adds a rich tapestry of cultural and religious diversity to the region. Their emphasis on humanism, equality, and spiritualism sets them apart, while their vibrant festivals and communal practices foster a strong sense of identity and community. The Alevis continue to uphold their traditions and values, contributing to the cultural richness of Malatya and beyond.